Saturday, March 26, 2022

la « kénose » de l'amour divin.
Saint Sophrony l’Athonite.

             

Saint Sophrony l’Athonite.

    Le Christ Jésus - qui « est l'image de Dieu », qui est Dieu lui-même dans son essence, qui « a la forme de l'Être divin» pour reprendre les mots de l'apôtre Paul - s'est abaissé lui-même:

Il s'est humilié dans l'acte d'obéissance au Père jusqu'au renonce­ment complet à sa volonté humaine, jusqu'à la mort sur la Croix : « Mon âme est triste jusqu'à la mort [ ... ], puis ayant fait quelques pas en avant, Il se jeta sur sa face, et pria ainsi: Mon Père, s'il est possible que cette coupe s'éloigne de moi! Toutefois, non pas ce que je veux, mais ce que Tu veux. Et sa sueur devint comme de grosses gouttes de sang qui tombaient à terre. Il s'éloigna une seconde fois, et pria ainsi: Mon Père, s'il n'est pas possible que cette coupe s'éloigne sans que je la boive, que ta volonté soit faite! [ ... ] Il pria pour la troisième fois, répétant les mêmes paroles» (Mt 26, 38-39 ; Le 22, 44; Mt 26,42-44). C'est pour cela, préci­sément, que « Dieu Lui a donné le Nom qui est au-dessus de tout nom» (voir Ph 2, 6-9).

Le Christ-Homme a été exalté après être descendu plus bas que quiconque dans l'acte de sa kénose. Il est, en effet, allé au­devant d'un châtiment infamant réservé aux criminels; Il a été pendu à la Croix, nu, devant sa Mère et les femmes qui l'avaient suivi pour le servir; Il a été abandonné par ses disciples; sa prédi­cation semble avoir été un échec complet ... Qui pourrait pénétrer tout ce qu'Il a porté en lui-même durant ces jours?

Ainsi, ce genre d'abandon de Dieu est l'autre pôle de l'amour de Dieu. Cet amour nous a été commandé par le Christ lorsqu'Il a prononcé ces paroles si redoutables: « Si quelqu'un vient à moi, et s'il ne hait pas [tout ce qui lui est cher] et même sa propre vie, il ne peut être mon disciple» (voir Lc 14,26 et 33).

Rarement, durant toute l'histoire de l'Église, il a été accordé à un homme de faire l'expérience de l'abandon de Dieu suscité par la grâce à un degré comparable à celui dont a été jugé digne le serviteur du Dieu Très-Haut Silouane. Quand, lors de la vision du Christ, une grande Lumière l'illumina, l'abandon de Dieu - qui avait semblé une souffrance mortelle - se transforma en humilité du Christ. Celle-ci est « indescriptible» ; elle constitue la dimension ontologique de l'amour éternel du Dieu-Trinité. Absolu dans son incommensurable puissance, Dieu l'est aussi, d'une manière mys­térieuse, dans sa «kénose-humilité »,

Tout homme qui aime ardemment Jésus-Christ, notre Dieu-Créateur et notre Dieu-Sauveur, vit immanquablement ces deux états, qui semblent radicalement opposés: la descente en enfer et l'ascension au ciel. Saint Paul l'a exprimé ainsi: « A moi, qui suis le moindre de tous les saints, cette grâce m'a été accordée d'annoncer les richesses incompréhensibles du Christ, et de mettre en lumière quelle est la dispensation du mystère caché de tout temps en Dieu qui a créé toutes choses par Jésus-Christ, afin que les Domi­nations et les Autorités dans les lieux célestes connaissent aujourd'hui par l'Église la sagesse infiniment variée de Dieu, selon le dessein éternel qu'Il a mis à exécution par Jésus-Christ notre Seigneur, en qui nous avons, par la foi en Lui, la liberté de nous approcher de Dieu avec confiance. Aussi je vous demande de ne pas perdre courage à cause de mes tribulations pour vous: elles sont votre gloire. A cause de cela, je fléchis les genoux devant le Père, de qui toute paternité aux cieux et sur la terre tire son nom: qu'Il vous donne, selon la richesse de sa gloire, d'être puissamment for­tifiés par son Esprit, en vue de l'homme intérieur; que le Christ habite en vos cœurs par le moyen de la foi, afin d'avoir la force de comprendre avec tous les saints ce qu'est la largeur, la longueur, la hauteur et la profondeur, et de connaître l'amour du Christ qui surpasse toute connaissance, pour que vous soyez remplis de toute la plénitude de Dieu» (Ep 3,8-19).

Le « diapason» de la vie chrétienne va incomparablement plus loin que l'ouïe habituelle des hommes. « Plus loin », mais aussi vers le bas et vers le haut. Malheureusement, très nombreux sont ceux qui ne perçoivent pas les ondes merveilleuses de l'hymne divine, qui nous parviennent des profondeurs insondables de l'Être éternel. Devant celui qui croit en la divinité du Christ et qui, en raison de cette foi, bâtit sa vie sur le roc de sa parole et de son enseignement (voir Mt 7,24-27), s'ouvrent des abîmes secrets, insaisissables par ceux qui n'acceptent pas le Christ comme Dieu véritable, comme Autorité sainte et absolue (voir Mt 23,8). Auto­rité non de la contrainte, mais de la Vérité du fait sans commence­ment et de l'amour parfait.

 

 

 

Référence:

Voir Dieu tel qu’Il Est. Archimandrite Sophrony. Cerf.2004.

Saturday, March 19, 2022

The Divine Light.
Saint Sophrony the Athonite.

 

Saint Sophrony the Athonite.

       The action on man's spirit of the Light of which I write bears witness to its Divine Nature. It is uncreated, unnameable. It is mysterious, imponderable, inviolable.

I do not know how to describe it. By nature it is otherworldly, supranatural. Its coming down on us is no less than the manifestation of God to man, the revelation of heavenly mysteries.

By the gift of this Light at the Transfiguration on Mount Tabor was knowledge of God confirmed. From the moment it shone there on the three Apostles it entered into the history of our world, to become the inalienable inheritance of generation after gener­ation of those who believe in Christ-God.

Without this Light the earth would have for ever lacked true knowledge of God. Judging by my own experience I would call it the Light of resurrection. Its coming introduces the spirit into the sphere where there is no death. Without its irradiation it is impossible duly to apprehend the ways of salvation. The world - people - would remain in the darkness of ignorance. Even the most exquisite abstract theological formation does not mean salvation since it merely provides intellectual understanding without lifting one to the realm of Divine Being.

Sometimes this Light can be likened to a mountain-cloud over the heights where you stand. The cloud itself is saturated with light but you cannot see anything but cloud - all the rest of the world has disappeared.

Thus the Divine Light, bringing a new image of spiritual being, screens from our eyes the sight of the material world. This Light is steady, entire. It is full of profound peace. In it the soul contemplates Divine Love and Goodness. In its rich outpouring man ceases to be aware of his surroundings, even of his own body. Furthermore, he sees himself as light. This Light approaches softly, tenderly, so that one does not notice its embrace. Such a condition is like the gentle falling asleep of an ordinarily healthy person; but, of course, it is by no means sleep but fulness of life.

With the departure of this Light, as quiet as its advent, the soul slowly returns to her usual awareness of the everyday world. In the softened heart there is a deep peace.

The spirit continues to dwell at one and the same time on the divine plane and the earthly. The former, however, gradually recedes and a certain sadness invades the soul - a feeling of regret that with return of physical sensibility the inexpressibly benign touch of the Divine Spirit is fading away.

The fragrance of the vision fades but does not altogether disappear. However, the very fading away begets a gentle longing for God; but prayer flows peacefully and from the whole being. Dwelling with the Lord destroys the passions - there is no more hankering after renown, riches, power or anything else of this world, all of which are connected with the passions, marked with tragedy and of short duration..!!

 Repeated visits of grace start one considering the similarities between the state of contemplation and the effects produced by the Gospel word. The Gospel teaching is now apprehended as Light, as life-giving power, as a fresh act of creation - not in the form of 'Let there be ... ' but as an appeal to the reasonable creature as the child of the Heavenly Father, silently calling him to a wondrous ascension into the Kingdom of the Father's love, where there is neither death, nor beginning, nor end. The spirit discerns that Christ's word does indeed proceed 'from the Father of lights' Who 'of his own will begot us with the word of truth' [James 1:17-18]. In Christ's word is Divine life, and he who opens wide his heart to it becomes God-like.

"Karoulia" where Saint Sophrony
struggled for a while.

At the beginning of my monastic life on Mt. Athos the Lord granted me unceasing prayer which, without diminishing in strength, would switch every now and then from one subject to another. I will relate what I remember well enough, since we are talking of the prayers which marked me indelibly.

This is how it often used to be - towards evening, at sunset, I would shut the window and draw three curtains over it to make my cell as quiet and dark as possible. With my forehead bent to the floor I would slowly repeat words of prayer, one after the other. I had no feeling of being cooped up, and my mind, oblivious of the body, lived in the light of the Gospel word. Concentrated on the fathomless wisdom of Christ's word, my spirit, freed from all material concerns, would feel flooded, as it were, with light from the Celestial Sun. At the same time a gentle peace would fill my soul, unconscious of all the needs and cares of this earth.

How explain that with the descent on us of the Light of Christ His brief commandments, now inscribed on our hearts and minds, could make all other laws, including the law of Moses, superfluous? His bidding, 'Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind ... and thy neighbour as thyself' [Matt. 22:37,39] is utterly persuasive. The Lord gave me to live this state, and my spirit yearned to cling to His feet in gratitude for this gift.

The same experience was repeated at intervals for months, perhaps years.

Under the influence of this Light prayer for mankind in travail possessed my whole being. It was clear that the inescapable, countless sufferings of the entire universe are the consequence of man's falling away from God, our Creator, Who revealed Himself to us. If the world loved Christ and His command­ments, everything would be radically transformed and the earth would become a wonderful paradise. The first paradise, as described in the Bible, became a tangible reality for me in my vision. The thousands of years that have elapsed since then on the plane of the eternal spirit became a contemplation, outside time, without duration.

'And the Lord God took man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and keep it' [Gen. 2: I 5]. What an inspiring exercise - man brought into collaboration with God Himself in the creation of the world! Freedom to pray in the stillness of the night on the Holy Mountain seemed to me to be an antici­pation of the Kingdom. This sojourn with the beloved God gave me to understand the meaning of the words, 'God's para­dise'. From Him, from the Holy of Holies, came the Gospel words which bear the absolute stamp of Divine omniscience.

When my prayer drew to an end I would find myself repeating the words of the Psalm, 'The darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth as the day' [Ps. 139:12].

 

 

 

Reference:

We Shall See Him As He Is.  Archimandrite Sophrony Sacharov. 1988.

Saturday, March 12, 2022

On icons and contemporary culture.
Saint Sophrony the Athonite.

 

The Old Rectory

 17th March 1969

 

 

 

Saint Sophrony the Athonite.

     Winter this year has been dreadful. It has probably never been like this so far in the twentieth century. Here, of course, there is not a vestige of the cold there is in your part of the world, but the prolonged 'autumn', damp and foggy, doesn't favour good health or inspiration for physical labour. And just now I could precisely do with a lot of physical strength, because we are under obligation to fulfil the huge amount of orders for icons. I would like at the same time to be free from every other occupation, so as to go deeper into the 'spirit' of the icon. You see, the power of the icon is truly a transfiguring power, especially in our century, when this spirit has been lost, when the feeling for beauty has been lost, when the very notion of 'beauty' has become vague, elusive - due, of course, to the cult of ugliness. In our time, strangely, the more dreadful the ugliness, the nearer it is to the soul of the one viewing it or hearing it. The past homage to beauty and harmony has become indigestible for 'new' people.

Saturday, March 5, 2022

On Departure.
Saint Sophrony the Athonite.

 

Saint Sophrony the Athonite.


        I think I have lived long enough, that there is no sense in prolonging this particular life, that I must 'depart'. Naturally, you have all grown old and like me are subject to illnesses; you too are getting ready for the in­evitable. But prepare with a sense of occasion, as if for the greatest moment of our earthly existence, and not with a feel­ing of despair and ingratitude.

 All of us must bear suffering in such a way that we live it not just as our own personal suf­fering, but as that of the human world. Through the experience of our sufferings we come to know cosmic life, we live the tragedy of all humanity, we widen our knowledge to the point where it reaches the limits of this world, where it surpasses these limits, where it attains to Infinity.